Glossary

Products added to the ink to adapt its printing properties to the conditions of each job.

Printing on the same form and paper of different prints with common colours.

Causes the paper layer to peel off as a result of too much ink pulling or poor paper quality.

Flipping a print after printing one side to print the other (tilts are 1/8, 1/12 or mill wing).

Common colours on the front and back of a sheet.

The quality of the paper is defined by the following designations :

• pure cellulose: 100% chemical pulp;
• wood-free: 95% chemical pulp + 5% mechanical pulp;
• with traces of wood: 60% chemical pulp + 40% mechanical pulp;
• with wood: 30% chemical pulp + 70% mechanical pulp.

Paper used mainly for the production of bundles. It replaces the carbon paper previously used.

Phenomenon due to static electricity; defect causing printing difficulties.

An additive used in the manufacture of paper to give it a whiter appearance.

Paper surface treatment.

A small air gun that shoots out fine particles of paint or ink, allowing for gradient backgrounds. Used for hyper-realistic illustrations.

A word or phrase that is highlighted and/or in large print, which helps attract attention.

Adding white space. Make text lighter and more readable.

• The indentation of the first line of a paragraph by one or more cadratins;
• A passage between two such indented lines.

A typeface family (stick) whose letters are not serifed (see also 'Classification').

The amount of white space between two letters in a word; it can be changed at will.

Abbreviation for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. A universal standard used to represent all typographic characters. The format of a file containing only plain text.

Text correction made after flashing and applied directly to the film.

Typeface imitating cursive writing.

Digital proof for photogravure control. It provides a proof without having to flash the films.

From Benjamin Day, inventor of the process.

Photogravure initially carried out manually by filling and transferring screens of different values to obtain a large number of colours from the three primaries (cyan, magenta, yellow), plus black. These operations are now carried out in P.A.O.

Camera for traditional photoengraving, still used for special work.

Analysis or reproduction of a line-by-line image by a light beam.

Uniform solid surface, printed in the same colour (opposite: screened surface).

The process of placing the leaves or signatures of a book in an agreed order.

A metal or plastic strip that connects the pages of a calendar or brochure by pinching.

Typographic name for a "lower case" letter.

An infrared auto-focusing device in a camera.

A defect due to a dominant, i.e. a hue affecting the whole image.

Device consisting of a movable document holder and a camera that moves perpendicular to the plane of the document.

The portion of space covered by a lens depending on the diagonal of the format used and the focal length. A lens with a very short focal length covers a large width of field and is called a "wide-angle" lens.

Shutter release time.

Variable focal length lens mainly used for reportage.